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<em>genitalium</em> & <em> hominis</em> (MG, MH) </p></td>
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<td width="317" align="left"><p ><font color="#666666"><em>隨後加入!</em><br />
<em>甲型肝炎(HAV)</em> <br />
<em>丁型肝炎(HDV)</em> <br />
<em>戊型肝炎(HEV)</em></font></p></td>
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<td width="929" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> 病因分子診斷 > 樣本, 報告</td>
</tr></table><p>
<h1><strong>
病毒及細菌DNA測試的樣本
</strong></h1></p>
<center><font size="-1"><table border="1" cellspacing="0" cellpadding="0">
<tr>
<td width="200"><font size="+1"><strong> Test</strong></font></td>
<td width="172"><font size="+1"><strong> Sample</strong></font></td>
<td width="175"><font size="+1"><strong> Requirement*</strong></font></td>
<td width="113"><font size="+1"><strong> Method**</strong></font></td>
<td width="224"><font size="+1"><strong> Report**</strong></font></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="8"> Human Papilloma Virus<br />
(HPV)<font size="-1"> </font>DNA</td>
<td width="172" height="27"> Liquid cytology</td>
<td width="175"> </td>
<td width="113" rowspan="8"> PCR<br />
qPCR<br />
RFLP</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="8"> Negative, Not detected<br />
Positive, genotype(s)<br />
Positive, specific genotype(s) <br />
unknown, multiple infection</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> ThinPrep</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> SurePath (Autocyte)</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Cervical/vaginal swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urethral swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Topical swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 pre-wet swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urine</td>
<td width="175"> 20 ml, first void</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Tampon/vaginal insert</td>
<td width="175"> 1 set, 4°<em>C</em>/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="4"> Hepatitis B Virus (HBV)<br />
DNA</td>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Clotted blood</td>
<td width="175" rowspan="2"> 2 ml, less than 6 hr <br />
at 4°<em>C</em></td>
<td width="113" rowspan="4"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="4"> Negative, Not dete<font size="-1">cted</font><br />
Positive but below limit of<br />
detection<br />
Positive, copies & IU/ml</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> EDTA blood</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Plasma</td>
<td width="175" rowspan="2"> 1 ml, 4°<em>C</em> or frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Serum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="3"> Hepatitis C Virus (HCV)<br />
RNA</td>
<td width="172" height="52"> EDTA blood</td>
<td width="175"> 2 ml, less than 6 hr<br />
at r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
<td width="113" rowspan="3"> RT-qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="3"> Negative, Not dete<font size="-1">cted</font><br />
Positive but below limit of<br />
detection<br />
Positive, copies/ml</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Plasma</td>
<td width="175" rowspan="2"> 1 ml, 4°<em>C</em> or frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Serum</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="2"> Epstein Barr Virus (EBV)<br />
DNA</td>
<td width="172"> EDTA blood<br />
Plasma<br />
Serum</td>
<td width="175"> 2 ml, less than 6 hr<br />
at 4°<em>C</em><font size="-1"> </font>1 ml, <br />
4°<em>C</em> or frozen</td>
<td width="113" rowspan="2"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="2"> Negative, Not dete<font size="-1">cted</font><br />
Positive, copies/ml or sample</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Nasal swab</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> 1, 4°<em>C</em> or frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="8"> Herpes Simplex Virus<br />
(HSV)<font size="-1"> </font>I & II<font size="-1"> </font>DNA</td>
<td width="172"> Liquid cytology</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> </td>
<td width="113" rowspan="8"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="8"> Negative, Not dete<font size="-1">cted</font><br />
Positive <br />
Type I and/or II</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> ThinPrep</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> SurePath (Autocyte)</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Cervical/vaginal swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urethral swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Topical swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 pre-wet swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> CSF</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> 0.5 ml, 4°<em>C</em> /frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Tampon/vaginal insert</td>
<td width="175"> 1 set, 4°<em>C</em>/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="4"> Varicella Zoster Virus <br />
(VZV, Shingles)<font size="-1"> </font>DNA</td>
<td width="172"> Topical swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 pre-wet swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
<td width="113" rowspan="4"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="4" valign="middle"> Negative, Not dete<font size="-1">cted</font><br />
Positive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> CSF</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> 0.5 ml, 4°<em>C</em> /frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> </td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" height="27" valign="top"> </td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="8"> Chlamydia trichomatis (CT)<br />
DNA</td>
<td width="172"> Liquid cytology</td>
<td width="175"> </td>
<td width="113" rowspan="8"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="8"> Negative, Not detected<br />
Positive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> ThinPrep</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> SurePath (Autocyte)</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Cervical/vaginal swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urethral swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Topical swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 pre-wet swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urine</td>
<td width="175"> 20 ml, first void</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Tampon/vaginal insert</td>
<td width="175"> 1 set, 4°<em>C</em>/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="8"> Neisseria gonorrhea (NG)<br />
DNA</td>
<td width="172"> Liquid cytology</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> </td>
<td width="113" rowspan="8"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="8"> Negative, Not detected<br />
Positive</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> ThinPrep</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> SurePath (Autocyte)</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Cervical/vaginal swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urethral swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Topical swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 pre-wet swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urine</td>
<td width="175"> 20 ml, first void</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Tampon/vaginal insert</td>
<td width="175"> 1 set, 4°<em>C</em>/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="8"> Mycoplasma genitalium <br />
(MG)<br />
Mycoplasma hominis (MH)<br />
DNA</td>
<td width="172" height="27"> Liquid cytology</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> </td>
<td width="113" rowspan="8"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="8"> Negative, Not detected<br />
Positiv<font size="-1">e</font><br />
<font size="-1">g</font>enitarium and/or hominis</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> ThinPrep</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> SurePath (Autocyte)</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Cervical/vaginal swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urethral swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Topical swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 pre-wet swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urine</td>
<td width="175"> 20 ml, first void</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Tampon/vaginal insert</td>
<td width="175"> 1 set, 4°<em>C</em>/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="8"> Ureaplasma urealyticum<br />
parvum<font size="-1">; </font>Ureaplasma<br />
urealyticum T-960<font size="-1"> </font>(UU)<font size="-1"> </font><br />
DNA</td>
<td width="172" height="27"> Liquid cytology</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> </td>
<td width="113" rowspan="8"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="8"> Negative, Not detected<br />
Positive<br />
parvum and/or T-960</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> ThinPrep</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> SurePath (Autocyte)</td>
<td width="175"> 4 ml, r.t. or 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Cervical/vaginal swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urethral swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Topical swab</td>
<td width="175"> 1 pre-wet swab, 4°<em>C</em></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Urine</td>
<td width="175"> 20 ml, first void</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172"> Tampon/vaginal insert</td>
<td width="175"> 1 set, 4°<em>C</em>/frozen</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="200" rowspan="4"> Mycobacterium tuberculosis<br />
(TB) (MTb complex)<font size="-1"> </font>DNA</td>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Sputum</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> First in morning</td>
<td width="113" rowspan="4"> qPCR</td>
<td width="224" rowspan="4"> Negative, Not detected<br />
Positive, copies/sample<br />
Positive but below limit of<br />
detection</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Urine</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> 20 ml, first void</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Needle biopsy</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> </td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="172" valign="top"> Environmental sample</td>
<td width="175" valign="top"> </td>
</tr>
</table>
<table width="885" border="0">
<tr>
<td width="29">*</td>
<td width="846"><strong><u>Requirement</u></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td> </td>
<td valign="top">r.t. = room temperature; fridge = 4-8oC (household refrigerator, lower compartment)<br />
frozen = -10oC or less (household freezer, upper compartment)<br />
ThinPrep and SurePath cell suspensions are stable > 2 weeks for cytology at room temperature. But do not keep them for more than<br />
3 days for DNA testing because it might affect the typing of high risk HPV types; keeping at 4oC or frozen is recommended.<br /></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>**</td>
<td><strong><u>Method</u></strong></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="104"> </td>
<td valign="top">Requirements of CLIA: E.M. Burd (2010). “Validation of Laboratory-Developed Molecular Assays for Infectious Diseases”<br />
Clinical Microbiology Reviews, July 2010, p. 550-576<br />
qPCR = real time PCR, quantitative PCR; RT-qPCR = reverse transcription qPCR; RFLP = restriction fragment length polymorphism <br /></td>
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