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<td width="929" bgcolor="#EEEEEE"> DNA Testing for Relationship > Kinship > Grandparentage Test, Uncle/Aunt vs Nephew/Niece, Cousins, Twins,<br />
Lineage Analysis</td>
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<h1><font size="+1" color="#CC0000"> Kinship DNA Test</font></h1>
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<td colspan="2"><p>Kinship DNA Testing used for proving a paternity or maternity relationship when one or both alleged parent(s) unavailable for testing</p>
<p>Benefit of Kinship DNA Test:</p></td>
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<li>Inheritance claims </li>
<li>Support immigration application </li>
<li>Family reunion </li>
<li>Strengthen a family relationship </li>
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<h2> List of GenePro’s Kinship DNA Test: </h2><h3><a name="grandparent" id="grandparent"></a> <font color="#CC0000">Grandparentage Test</font></h3>
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<td colspan="2">This test is used for establishing the biological relationship between a child and an alleged grandparent. Since not all the grandparents’ genes are transmitted to the child, depending on the pattern of inheritance, a probability of the relationship will be reported.
<br />
<br />
In Grandparentage DNA Testing, paternal or maternal close relatives are recommended for testing in addition to the grandparents so that we can reconstruct the DNA profile of the missing parents from the child for a more conclusive result. Similarly, testing the lineage markers (X, Y-chromosomes and mitochondria DNA) is also a routine in our laboratory for Grandparentage DNA Test. </td>
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<td colspan="2"><br />
Grandparentage DNA Test method:</td>
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<li>Paternal Grandfather, Grandson</li>
<li>Maternal Grandmother, Granddaughter</li>
<li>Paternal or Maternal Grandparents, grandchild, with the presence of other close relatives</li>
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<td colspan="2">Please consult our professional team before proceeding with the test.</td>
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<a name="ua" id="ua"></a><h3><font color="#CC0000"> Avuncular DNA Test</font>
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<td colspan="2">This test is used for establishing the biological relationship between a child and an alleged uncle or aunt. Since the uncle’s and aunt’s DNA are not entirely shared by the nephew and niece, depending on the pattern of inheritance, the probability of relationship will normally be reported indicating whether the relationship is most likely, likely or unlikely.<br />
<br />
The relationship between uncle, aunt, nephew and niece can be further proved by examining the lineage markers, such as X-STR, Y-STR and mitochondria DNA. In many case, avuncular DNA test was used to infer paternity and maternity indirectly, when the parents are not available for DNA testing </td>
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<td colspan="2"><br />
Avuncular DNA Test method:</td>
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<li>Alleged uncle and nephew</li>
<li>Allege aunt and niece</li>
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<td colspan="2">Please consult our professional team before proceeding with the test.</td>
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<h3><font color="#CC0000"> Cousins DNA Test</font></h3>
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<td width="900">It is difficult to compare the DNA profiles of two individuals and reliably confirm that they are cousins because the chance that cousins share the same gene is no different from an unrelated individual. However, the reliability of cousin-ship may be increased by testing other close relatives. </td>
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<tr>
<td> </td>
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<td>Please consult our professional team before proceeding with the test.</td>
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<br /><br />
<a name="twins" id="twins"></a><h3> <font color="#CC0000">Identical or Fraternal Twins DNA Test</font>
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<td width="900">Identical twins - siblings coming from the same fertilized egg, having the same DNA profile and same sex
<br />
Fraternal twins - siblings in the same womb, their DNA patterns are different, same or different sex </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>Please consult our professional team before proceeding with the test.</td>
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<a name="la" id="la"></a><h3><font color="#CC0000"> Ancestry DNA Test and Lineage Analysis</font>
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<td width="900">Y chromosome analysis DNA test – paternal lineage
<br />
X chromosome analysis DNA test - maternal lineage, e.g. grandmother and daughter
<br />
Mitochondrial DNA analysis – maternal lineage, determine whether a paternal half siblings or full siblings </td>
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<td> </td>
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<td>Please consult our professional team before proceeding with the test.</td>
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